The Optimal Design of a Hybrid Solar PV/Wind/Hydrogen/Lithium Battery for the Replacement of a Heavy Fuel Oil Thermal Power Plant

Renewable energies are clean alternatives to the highly polluting fossil fuels that still used in power generation sector. The goal of this research was look into replacing a Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) thermal plant Limbe, southwest Cameroon, with hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and wind combined storage system. Lithium batteries hydrogen associated fuel cells make up total cost (TC) project over its lifetime minimized order achieve optimal sizing components. To ensure reliability new plant, criterion measuring loss supply probability (LPSP) implemented as constraint. Moth Flame Optimization (MFO), Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (I-GWO), Multi-Verse (MVO), African Vulture Algorithm (AVOA) were solve single-objective optimization problem. techniques entailed development mathematical models components, hourly weather data for selected site output replaced serving input data. All four algorithms produced acceptable reasonably comparable results. However, terms proportion, obtained MFO algorithm 0.32%, 0.40%, 0.63% lower than costs I-GWO, MVO, AVOA algorithms, respectively. Finally, effect type coupled PV systems on overall assessed. meta-heuristic compare results PV–Wind–Hydrogen–Lithium Battery, PV–Wind–Hydrogen, PV–Wind–Lithium Battery scenarios. scenario had lowest cost. This scenario’s 2.40% 18% PV–Wind–Hydrogen